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What does child poverty have to do with educational achievement?The Government has implemented wide-ranging educational reforms and per-pupil spending levels are now up to ‘record levels’. And yet the attainment gap between rich and poor pupils gets wider as they progress through the education system.
What problems do children from poor families face?Children do not leave the problems of social and economic inequality behind at the school gates – they carry them into the classroom:
A 2003 government study found:
A 2007 survey of more than 1,000 parents by the School Costs Coalition found:
Why aren’t things getting better?Policy makers and political parties are focusing on the wrong areas: on endless reforms of school management structures, disciplinary ethos and ownership of schools. Core problems not being addressed include:
What needs to change?Lack of family income is damaging children’s educational outcomes and making teachers’ jobs much harder. Families need more money to ensure their children are well fed, warm, live in safe and secure environments and can participate in the full range of cultural and social activities outside of school. The Government must ensure all children access all parts of the education system. Reducing poverty and improving child wellbeing must be placed at the heart of the Government’s educational agenda. Reducing child poverty and its impact through action in the following areas will reduce the educational attainment gap: Family incomes for educationChildren do not leave social and economic inequality at the school gates - they bring them into the classroom. Being poor harms their wellbeing and limits their ability to learn. Poorer children are more likely to be tired, hungry and disengaged from the educational process. They often can’t afford to participate in social, sporting or creative activities in the wider community. The most effective way of targeting additional funds on disadvantaged children is to make sure families receive the money they need to keep their children out of poverty and to support their education. Homes fit for learningA cold, cramped home without a quiet warm place to study, without equipment like books or computers, damages children’s lives and educational experiences. Constant moves and temporary accommodation generate insecurity and stress. Homes fit for learning – and living – must be placed at the heart of the educational agenda. Genuinely free educationSchools’ charging policies mean that a ‘free’ education can cost hundreds of pounds per child. Poor families may have to pay for school trips, music lessons or revision guides. Poor children in working families may not be entitled to free school meals. Poor children in non-working families may be excluded from childcare and extended school provision because their parents do not qualify for the childcare element of working tax credit. This damages child wellbeing, compromises teachers and compounds educational inequalities. The Government must ensure that all children access all aspects of the educational system; and schools must ensure children are not stigmatised or excluded from any school-based activities. Support for teachersThe most committed teacher cannot compensate the poorest children for the ill health, poor housing, and lack of opportunities that blight their lives. The Government must address the causes of poverty and teachers need more support to help them cope with its consequences. Schools – and teacher training courses – must ensure that teachers have the skills, training and specialist support they need to cope with the diverse challenges associated with child poverty. Good schools for allSelection – and parental ‘choice’ – exclude poor children from ‘good’ schools. This may damage children’s educational experiences and aspirations in ‘disadvantaged’ schools. In the classroom, poor children’s needs may be sacrificed to the demands of league tables or parental choice. The Government must recognise that some of its policies are generating educational inequality, and others are proving ineffective. It must do more to ensure that all schools get the best out of all the children in their care. Reducing educational charges and providing universal free school meals will help make all schools more accessible learning environments.
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